Evaluation of Preoperative Serum CA-125 as a Predictor of Cancer Severity

Abstract

Introduction: Ovarian cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with its prognosis closely tied to the stage at diagnosis. Serum CA-125 has been widely recognized as a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer, but its efficacy in predicting cancer severity, particularly in diverse populations, requires further exploration.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was
Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Gynecological Oncology, BSMMU, Dhaka, analyzing hospital records of 150 patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer from September 2019 to August 2020. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, with clinical examinations and relevant investigations recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22, considering a p-value <0.05 as statistically significant.
Result: The study population predominantly consisted of patients aged between 41-50 years (28%), with the majority being housewives (68%). The most common histopathological type was serous tumors (70%), and the majority of patients were diagnosed at advanced stages (Stage III: 44%, Stage IV: 10.67%). A significant correlation was found between preoperative serum CA-125 levels and the stage of cancer, with the highest mean CA-125 levels observed in stage IV (1484.00 ± 101.34, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The study underscores the potential of preoperative serum CA-125 levels as a significant predictor of ovarian cancer severity. Elevated CA-125 levels were associated with advanced stages of cancer, suggesting its utility in clinical practice for prognosis and guiding treatment strategies. These findings highlight the need for early detection and intervention in ovarian cancer management.